In a remarkably short time, the JWST has revolutionised our understanding of the early universe, particularly shedding light on the population of massive black holes—each weighing in at least 100,000 times the mass of our sun and larger. 

At this conference, leading experts convened to explore the origins, growth, and dynamics of massive black holes. Participants included researchers specialising in observing the earliest galaxies, the smallest black holes, and gravitational waves. Theorists also joined the discussion, delving into the formation and evolution of massive black holes across cosmic time. Altogether, approximately 80 participants from around the world contributed their insights.

Scientists find themselves on the brink of significant breakthroughs in our comprehension of massive black holes. Current and near-future electromagnetic observations by the JWST, along with upcoming missions, will be complemented by gravitational wave detections using the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) in the coming decade. These combined efforts aim to unravel the mysteries surrounding the birth and growth of massive black holes during the early Universe.

The conference took place at the Trident Hotel in Kinsale, Co. Cork.