Dementia and Neurodegeneration
Dementia is a progressive decline in cognitive function affecting memory, reasoning, language, and the ability to perform everyday activities. It is caused by neurodegeneration, which is the gradual loss of structure and function of neurons, and Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of dementia. Neurodegeneration is most often associated with older age and with features such as abnormal protein accumulation and disruption of neural networks, which may lead to impairments in cognition, mood or movement. Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement due to the gradual loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain. This depletion leads to symptoms including tremors, stiffness and bradykinesia (slowness of movement). In addition to these motor challenges, individuals with Parkinson's may also experience symptoms such as cognitive decline and mood disorders.
The increasing incidences of neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease are recognised globally as the most significant health challenges in our ageing populations. Currently, there is no cure for these conditions. Thus, understanding the mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration has become increasingly important for the development of effective diagnostic tools, treatments, and preventive strategies. Equally, advocacy, public awareness and enhancing healthcare practices that best support disease management are crucial for optimal quality of life.
Through interdisciplinary collaboration between neuroscientists, clinicians, and healthcare professionals, researchers at UCC are engaged in both fundamental and translational research in neurodegenerative disease. They are investigating how genetic, molecular, and environmental factors contribute to neuronal dysfunction and decline, with the aim of identifying novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers for early diagnosis. They are also advancing knowledge in improving wellbeing, resilience, and quality of life for people living with these diseases.