Phytostimulators:

Microorganisms that stimulate plant growth through the production of compounds such as hormones etc.

Biofertilizers:

Microorganisms that increase the amount of nutrients available to plants.

Biopesticides:

Microorganisms that are naturally antagonistic towards certain pathogens or pests and that can be used toprotect crops.

Rhizosphere:

The area of soil in the vicinity of the plant roots.

Sustainable agriculture:

An approach to farming that preserves the long-term fertility of the soil.

Genetically-modified microorganisms (GMMs):

Microorganisms modified using gene technology.

Genetically-modified organisms (GMOs):

Organisms modified using gene technology.

Marker genes:

Genes coding for particular traits that allow a microorganism to be tracked in the environment.

ARDRA (Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis)

A genetic method used to identify microorganisms at the level of the genus.

RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA)

A genetic method used to identify microorganisms at the level of the strain.

PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)

An enzymatic reaction carried out in the laboratory to increase the amount of DNA in a sample. RAPD and ARDRA are two methods that make use of PCR.

Biological containment system:

A genetic system that prevents a genetically modified micoorganism from spreading outside of the intentional zone of release.