Silicon Dioxide (i.e. Silica)


Silicon Dioxide, SiO2, (which is also known as Silica) is widely distributed in the environment, and is present in the form of sand on all beaches.

Preparation of Silicon Dioxide

Silica is prepared by the hydrolysis of silicon tetrachloride with water and heating the hydrated oxide formed.


	SiCl4   +   4 H2O   ==>   SiO2.2 H2O  +  4 HCl

Properties of Silicon Dioxide

Silica is a transparent solid with high melting point.

Silica is inert to most chemical reagents but reacts with hydrogen fluoride to form silicon tetrafluoride, which is a colourless gas at room temperature and water.

Silica is an acidic oxide, which reacts with alkalis to form salt and water.


	SiO2   +   2NaOH   ==>   Na2SiO3   +   H2O

Properties of Silicon Dioxide

Silicon dioxide is a crystalline compound that transmits visible and ultraviolet light. Many crystalline forms exist, the most common of which is Quartz.

Uses of Silicon Dioxide

Ultra pure silicon dioxide is an important materials in the electronics industry.

When silica is mixed with solid sodium carbonate and melted, sodium silicate is formed. This reaction is the basic reaction in the manufacture of glass.


	SiO2   +   Na2CO3   ==>   Na2SiO3   +   CO2     

Cement is a complex aluminum silicate. Its strength is due to the strong bonding of the SiO4 groups.

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