Henri Louis Le Chatelier
A French chemist, Henri Louis Le Chatelier (1850-1936) is known for his work on the response of a closed system in equilibrium to applied forces. This is described in Le Chatelier Principle.
Gilbert Newton Lewis
An American chemist at the University of California, Gilbert Newton Lewis (1875-1931) proposed a structure for the nature of the Covalent Chemical Bond, which involved the sharing of electrons between the atoms in a molecule.He also proposed a Lewis Theory of Acids as proton donors (i.e. Lewis Acids).
He isolated Heavy Water, D2O, in 1933AD.
Edwin Mattison McMillan
An American physicist, Edwin Mattison McMillan (1907- ) discovered a number of inner transition elements in the Actinide Series.He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1951AD, which he shared with G T Seaborg for the discovery of these elements.
He was also involved in the development of the Synchotron.
Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev
A Russian chemist, Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev (1834-1907) was born in Siberia. He studied under Bunsen in Heidelberg.He proposed the Periodic Law in 1869AD, and the discovery of a number of elements (i.e. Scandium, Gallium and Germanium ) which had the properties predicted by their position in his periodic table established his fame.
Robert Andrews Millikan
An American physicist, Robert Andrews Millikan (1868-1953) was awarded the Nobel Prize for physics in 1923AD for his determination of the charge on a single electron (his famous oil drop experiment) and for his work on the Photo-Electric Effect.
Ferdinand Frededic Henri Moissan
A French chemist, Ferdinand Frededic Henri Moissan (1852-1907) discovered Fluorine in 1886AD.He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1906AD for his discovery of and for developing the electric furnace.
Sir Isaac Newton 
A British natural philosopher and mathematician, Sir Isaac Newton
(1642-1726) is credited with the discovery of Calculus and Gravitation.
He became Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University in 1669AD.
He was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1672AD for his work on Optics.
His two greatest works are Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, 1687AD, which established the mathematical representation of nature and is the basis of science, and Opticks, 1704AD.
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Newton laid the foundation for differential and integral calculus. His work on optics and gravitation make him one of the greatest scientists the world has known. |
Wolfgang Pauli 
An Austrian-American physicist, Wolfgang Pauli (1900-1958 ), was
born in Vienna. He studied under Max Born in Gottingen and under
NielsBohr in Copenhagen.
He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1945 for his Pauli's Exclusion Principle.
Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck 
A German physicist, Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck (1858-1947) combined
the concepts of Quantum Theory with those of the Theory of
Relativity.
He proposed that, just like matter, energy is not infinitely divisible and that it exists only in discrete bundles called Quanta.
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Planck initiated the study of quantum mechanics when he announced in 1900 his theoretical research into radiation and absorbsion of a black body. |
Joseph Louis Prout
A French chemist, Joseph Louis Prout (1754-1826) discovered the Law of Definite Composition, which states a pure compound has a fixed and invariable composition.
Sir Ernest Rutherford, First Baron Rutherford of Nelson
A New Zealand physicist, Sir Ernest Rutherford, First Baron Rutherford of Nelson (1871-1937), showed that the 'rays' emitted by Uranium were of two types, alpha-Particles and beta-Particles. He later showed that an alpha-Particle was a Helium atom that was stripped of its two electrons.In 1908AD, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
In 1911AD, he proposed the nuclear structure for the atom.
In 1919AD, he showed the artificial disintegration of an atom, where a nitrogen atom was converted into an oxygen atom and a hydrogen atom on collision with an alpha-Particles.
Erwin Schrodinger 
An Austrian born Irish physicist, Erwin Schrodinger (1887-1961), was
awarded the 1933 Nobel prize in physics with Dirac for his
Schrodinger Wave Equation, which is the basis of
Quantum Mechanics.
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S chrödinger made important contributions to the development of Quantum Mechanics and received a Nobel prize in 1933 |
Glenn Theodore Seaborg
An American physicist, Glenn Theodore Seaborg (1912- ) discovered a number of inner transition elements in the Actinide Series.He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1951AD, which he shared with E W McMillan for the discovery of these elements.
Emilio Gino Segre
An Italian nuclear physicist, Emilio Gino Segre (1930- ) discovered the element Astatine.He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1959AD, which he shared with O Chamberlain for the discovery of the Anti-Proton.
Sir Joseph Thompson
A British physicist, Sir Joseph Thompson (1856-1940) discovered the Electron. He showed that Cathode Rays were negatively charged streams of particles which could be deflected by magnetic and electric fields. He showed that the mass of these particles was much less than that of the hydrogen atom, thereby demonstrating the existence of Sub-Atomic Particles for the first time.He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1906AD.
Joannes Diderik Van der Waal
A Dutch physicist and chemist, Joannes Diderik Van der Waals was born in Leiden, Holland.He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1910 for his work on the Equations of State of gases.
Friedrick Wohler
A German chemist, Friedrick Wohler (1800-1882) was the first person to transform an inorganic substance (i.e. ammonium cyanate, NH4NCO) into an organic substance (i.e. urea, H2N.C=O.NH2) in 1828AD.With Liebig, he co-discovered the Benzoyl Radical, C6H5CO*.
Author
Donal O'Leary B.A., H.Dip.Ed., Dip.Chem.Tech., L.I.C.I.
is a technician in the Chemistry Department,
University College, Cork, Ireland, for the last 25
years. He is involved in instrumental analysis,
particularly in the examination of organic
compounds using nuclear magnetic resonance
spectroscopy. He is also responsible for the
preparation of practical laboratory sessions for
undergraduate students.
He is interested in exploring the use of inexpensive computer based hypertext documents as teaching tools has a keen interest in promoting the teaching of chemistry through the use of computer technology. This hypertext on the World Wide Web is a revised version of an earlier hypertext which he released for Microsoft Windows.