Svante August Arrhenius
A Swedish physical chemist, Svante August Arrhenius (1859-1927) was born near Uppsala, he became a professor at Stockholm in 1895, and his special study was Electrolysis. He developed the theory concerning the properties of ionic species in solution. They are Arrhenius Concept of Bases, Arrhenius Concept of Neutralisation and Arrhenius Concept of AcidsHe wrote "Worlds in the Making and Destinies of the Stars"
He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1903AD.
In 1905 he predicted global warming as a result of carbon dioxide emission from burning fuels.
Francis William Aston
A British physicists, Francis William Aston (1877-1945) invented the Mass Spectrometerand used it to identify and separate the Isotopes, of elements, for which he was awarded the Nobel prize for Chemistry in 1922.
Count Amedeo Avogadro
An Italian physicist, Count Amedeo Avogadro, published his hypothesis in 1811AD, which states that equal volumes of gases under the same conditions of temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules.His work was revived by Cannizzaro
The Avogadro's Number, N, 6.02 X 10^23 is the number of molecules in one mole of a substance.
Henri Becquerel
A French physicist, Henri Becquerel (1852-1908) discovered the Natural Radioactivity of Uranium in 1896AD.He shared the Nobel Prize in Physics with Pierre Curie and Marie Curie in 1903AD.
Jons Jakob Berzelius
A Swedish chemist Jons Jakob Berzelius (1779-1848) who accurately determined more than 2000 relative atomic and molecular masses. He devised (1813-14) the system of chemical symbols and formulae now in use and proposed oxygen as a reference standard for atomic masses. His discoveries include the elements cerium (1804), selenium (1817), and thorium (1828). He was the first to prepare silicon in its amorphous form and to isolate zirconium.The words Isomerism, Allotropy, and Protein were coined by him.
Neils Henrik David Bohr
A Danish physicist, Neils Henrik David Bohr 1885-1962) proposed the
Bohr Model of the structure
of the Atom, based on a central nucleus, around which electrons traveled in orbits.
He was also involved in establishing the validity of the quantum theory.
He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1912AD for his contribution to the understanding of the atom.
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Niels Bohr is best known for the investigations of atomic structure and also for work on radiation, which won him the 1922 Nobel Prize for physics. |
Ludwig Boltzmann
An Austrian physicist, Ludwig Boltzmann (1844-1906) is known for his
work in thermodynamics and the
Kinetic theory of gases.
The Boltzmann Constant, which is named after him, is used in statistical mechanics.
Karl Bosch
A German industrial chemist, Karl Bosch (1874-1940) is known for his work in developing the Haber Process for the synthesis of ammonia to the industrial scale. This industrial process is now called the Bosch-Haber Process.He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on high pressure synthesis in 1931AD.
Robert Boyle
An Irish natural philosopher, Robert Boyle (1627-1691) is called the
Father of Modern Chemistry for his promotion of the concepts of the
atomic nature of matter and his rejection of the theories of the
alchemists.
He is remembered for his experimental work on the physical properties of gases, and for Boyle's Law which relates the pressure and volume of a fixed quantity of gas.
He was a founder member of the Royal Society of London.
Joannes Nicolaus Bronsted
A Danish physical chemist, Joannes Nicolaus Bronsted (1879-1947) is known for his work in developing the Bronsted Lowry Theory of Acids.He was professor of Chemistry at the University of Copenhagen and the Polytechnic Institute.
Robert Brown
A Scottish botanist, Robert Brown (1773-1858) discovered Brownian Movement in 1827AD.A detailed mathematical interpretation of molecular motion as the cause of this Brownian Motion was published by Albert Einstein in 1905AD.
Robert Wilhelm Bunsen
A German chemist, Robert Wilhelm Bunsen (1811-1899), is remembered for his work on spectroscopy. The burner which he used is known as a Bunsen Burner.He discovered the two elements, rubidium and cesium.
Stanislao Cannizaro
An Italian chemist, Stanislao Cannizaro(1826-1910), is remembered for his work in reviving interest in the work of Avogadro that had in 1811, revealed the difference between atoms and molecules, and so established atomic and molecular weights as the basis of chemical calculations.The following is known as the Cannizzaro's principal.
The atomic weight of an element is the smallest weight of the element contained in a molecular weight of any of its compounds.
Henry Cavendish
An English chemist, Henry Cavendish (1731-1810) discovered Hydrogen in 1776AD, showed that water was a compound and not an element.He also showed that the composition of the atmosphere was constant and determined the composition of Nitric acid.
He used a torsion balance to measure the density of the Earth.
Andes Celsius
A Swedish astronomer, Andes Celsius (1701-44) is known for his work in developing the Celsius Scale of Temperature which bears his name.
Sir James Chadwick
An English physicist, Sir James Chadwick (1891-1974) in 1932, discovered the particle in the nucleus of an atom that became known as the neutron because it has no electric charge.He was awarded the Nobel Prize in physics in 1935AD for his discovery of the neutron.
Jacques Alexandre Cesar Charles
A French physicist, Jacques Alexandre Cesar Charles (1746-1823) is best remembered for his Charle's Law, which states that for an ideal gas at constant pressure, its volume is proportional to its absolute temperature.
Sir William Crookes
An English physicist, Sir William Crookes (1832-1919) invented the Radiometer.He also devised the Crookes Tube in 1876AD, to study CathodeRays. The tube had two electrodes and a gas at low pressure, and by applying high voltages across the electrodes and by varying the gas pressure, he was able to study the cathode rays.
Marie Curie
A Polish born French Chemist, with her French born husband Pierre Curie (1859-1906), Marie Curie (1867-1934) worked on radioactivity and in 1898 she reported the possible existence of a new, powerfully radioactive element in pitchblend ores. Her husband abandoned his own researches to assist her and discovered the radioactive elements polonium and radium in the pure state in 1902.They both refused to take out a patient on their discoveries and were jointly awarded the Davy Medal in 1903.
The Curies shared the Nobel prize in physics in 1903AD with Becquerel.
Marie Curie wrote a Treatise on Radioactivity in 1910AD, and was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry 1911AD.